Glucosamine is a substance which occurs naturally within the human body. by admin. No adverse effects, except for occasional diarrhoea, have been reported in humans. We've put together a glossary to help you understand some of the most common terms. People suffering from obstructive gall bladder disease should consult their GP before taking artichoke extract because it increases bile secretion. Very high doses should be avoided in patients with haemorrhagic (bleeding) disorders. Iron is essential for the formation of haemoglobin which is present in red blood cells. Liquorice containing glycyrrhizin is used to help reduce inflammation and ease coughs, sore throats and other respiratory symptoms. It can also be found in smaller quantities in soya beans, nuts and vegetables, particularly spinach and broccoli. Food supplements generally provide 100–1500 mg combined EPA/DHA per dose. CoQ10 is sold in capsules and tablets in strengths of 10–200 mg. Check out the extensive health library – … Registration No. Garlic is not recommended in doses greater than usual dietary intake, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Pharmaceutical Press, London, 2001. Churchill Livingstone, 2005. People taking any medication for diabetes (either injected insulin or oral antidiabetics) should seek medical advice before taking chromium. It can reach up to 2 metres high and has large purple and green flower heads. Manganese activates  some enzymes  so they begin to work. haemochromatosis and thalasaemia. What determines if a product is, or is not a medicine is complex but generally rests with how the product is presented (i.e. Minor abdominal discomfort and diarrhoea has been reported. None known, although large doses may cause a yellow discolouration of the urine. Garlic is thought to have antibacterial properties. Biotin works synergistically with other B vitamins. Chromium supplements containing yeast should be avoided by people taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of depression. Beta carotene may interact with alcohol increasing the liver toxicity of alcohol. The weight loss drug orlistat and cholesterol-lowering drugs can reduce the absorption of vitamin D and other fat-soluble vitamins (A, E and K). Symptoms include anaemia, concave and brittle nails, sore tongue, cracking in the corners of the mouth, increased susceptibility to infection. Large doses in excess of 1000mg daily for prolonged periods have occasionally been associated with increased bleeding tendency in vitamin K-deficient patients; and rarely, blurred vision, diarrhoea, dizziness, fatigue and weakness, headache and nausea. PAGB (Proprietary Association of Great Britain), New Penderel House, 283-288 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7HP. CoQ10 is needed for the process that converts the energy from food into energy that can be used by the body. Large doses should also be used with caution in diabetes mellitus. C.W. Due to its anti-platelet effect, Gingko should not be taken if on aspirin, warfarin (an anti-coagulant drug) or platelet-inhibitor medication. Food alone is unlikely to provide sufficient vitamin D. CoQ10 should not be used to treat cardiovascular disorders without medical supervision. Large doses of iron may increase the requirement for vitamin E. Iron supplements may cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea and constipation, which may lead to faecal impaction (where dried, hard stools collect in the rectum and anus), particularly in the elderly. There is no evidence of adverse effects in pregnancy at normal intakes. Early symptoms in adults include fatigue, weakness, aching joints and muscles. The buds are cooked and eaten as a delicacy. Between 3 to 10 grams per day of cranberry in tablet or capsule form is recommended for a healthy urinary tract, Cranberry is suitable to be taken during pregnancy and breastfeeding at dietary doses, At high doses, gastrointestinal discomfort may occur, 1. Medical supervision in these cases is required. Folic acid is generally consumed in the form of food supplements or in fortified foods. Some are deodorised, and others have an enteric coating to prevent 'garlic breath'. Meat, oily fish, poultry, bread, potatoes and breakfast cereals. Adverse effects usually occur with large doses only. Artichoke presents minimal risks, although some people may experience flatulence and mild gastro-intestinal upset. Vitamin C deficiency may lead to scurvy. People should always check the label for information about a specific product. Signs of mild to moderate deficiency include growth retardation, male hypogonadism (the testes produce few or no sex hormones), poor appetite, rough skin, mental lethargy, delayed wound healing and impaired taste. Adverse effects reported include hair loss, nail changes, skin lesions, nausea, diarrhoea, irritability, metallic taste, garlic-smelling breath, fatigue and peripheral neuropathy (damage to the nerves in the extremities of the body such as feet and hands). Levels of folate are unstable, unless the foods are refrigerated, and can also be destroyed by processing and cooking. Churchill Livingstone, 2005. Intake of >30mg daily may lead to hypercarotenemia which is characterised by a yellowish colouration of the skin (including soles of feet and palms of hand). Prolonged use of oral contraceptives may induce niacin deficiency. Sale. It also works to regenerate other antioxidants such as vitamin E. Also, dry, flaky skin, rash around the eyes, nose and mouth, brittle hair, tiredness and loss of appetite. In addition, folic acid is essential for the formation of red blood cells and has been shown to reduce the levels of an amino acid (homocysteine). Traditionally, people have claimed ginseng to be useful for memory and mental function, improving libido and sexual vigour, regulating blood pressure, preventing diabetes and improving immunity. A substance or nutrient which helps to protect our cells from damage caused by free radicals, damaging molecules which are found in pollution and tobacco smoke. Short term (up to 20 days): 0.5-1g root daily. They tend to look at large populations to determine risk factors and make dietary recommendations that are applied at population levels. Herbs, supplements and vitamins. Copper should not be taken by people with Wilson’s disease (the disorder may be exacerbated) or hepatic and biliary disease. It can also be topically applied to help soothe skin rashes and burns, including sunburn. Pharmaceutical Press, London, 2001. Symptoms include poor muscle co-ordination, muscle cramps, numbness and tingling, painful burning feet, depression, fatigue, weakness, headache and loss of appetite. Niacin can be synthesised from tryptophan (an essential amino acid). Other drugs which may reduce levels of CoQ10 include hypertensive drugs (used to treat high blood pressure, e.g. In later stages, symptoms of scurvy include anaemia, swollen and bleeding gums and delayed wound healing. The leaf contains substances that may help to support healthy circulation, particularly to the brain and extremities. 1. Thiamin is essential for the transmission of certain types of nerve signal between the brain and the spinal cord. Safe Upper Level: 25mg/day. Dose: 160-480mg daily. In a few number of cases, ginkgo has been reported to cause mild gastrointestinal upset, headaches and dizziness. Megadoses may exacerbate acne. 1. Peppermint is primarily used for indigestion relief. Not all herbal products are medicines, some may be food supplements and some may be cosmetics. Dosage range2 is: 2-5g fresh garlic daily (or 1-2 cloves); 0.4-1.2g dried powder daily; 2-5mg garlic oil daily. Those people with liver damage or an intestinal disorder should consult their doctor before taking supplements containing zinc. As vitamin A (retinol) is teratogenic, it may induce developmental abnormalities in a foetus if taken in high amounts just before, or during the first three months of pregnancy. Vitamin D is also formed by the action of sunlight on the skin (from May to September in the UK). The full title is “The complete guide to Vitamins, Minerals and Supplements” and on the cover it says “The NEW 2019 Essential A to Z Information Guide Book.” I think this book would be interesting to anyone … Liquorice can also be used as a cream to help soothe irritated and inflamed skin. Biotin is found in many foods and is also synthesised by the microflora in the gut. If it is converted in the body then its actions are those of vitamin A. Deficiency has been associated with muscle pain and tenderness and some cases of cardiomyopathy (a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle). Claims may be written, verbal or pictorial. BCAA comprises three essential amino acids: leucine, Isoleucine and Valine… There appear to be no toxic effects (except possibly gastric upset) with high oral doses. Not generally available as a single supplement. Meat, wholegrain cereals, wholemeal bread, milk and cheese are also good sources. Pharmaceutical Press, London, 2001. It has yellow and white flowers and feathery green leaves. Vitamin D deficiency results in poor growth, bone pain and deformities (rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults), osteoporosis, gum disease, constipation and muscle weakness. Its active ingredient is a volatile oil made up of more than 40 components, including menthol, flavonoids and phenolic acids. There is no evidence of adverse effects in pregnancy at normal intakes. There is alot of confusion about supplementation, which is why I compiled this report. The Health and Food Supplements Information Service is funded by PAGB, the consumer healthcare association, which represents the manufacturers of branded OTC medicines, self care medical devices and food supplements in the UK. Large doses of niacin are best avoided in gout (may increase uric acid levels); peptic ulcer (large doses may activate an ulcer); and liver disease (large doses cause deterioration). Chamomile is renowned for its health supporting properties which include relaxation, carminative (acting to soothe and support the digestive system), anti-inflammatory and anti-septic. Vitamin C in large doses (> 1 g daily) may reduce copper status. Dosage is 250mg of standardised extract per day for long term use. Two large-scale studies have shown an association between beta-carotene supplementation (20mg/day) and an increased incidence of lung cancer in smokers and individuals with previous high-level exposure to asbestos. In infants and children, copper deficiency can lead to skeletal fragility and increased susceptibility to infections, especially those of the respiratory tract. Individuals with hypersensitivity to garlic should avoid it. Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) It helps your body turn food into energy. Aluminium- and magnesium-containing antacids may reduce calcium absorption. Pantothenic acid forms part of two substances, co-enzyme A and the acyl carrier protein. Feverfew is a member of the botanical family that includes the daisy. Probiotics such as acidophilus and bifidus are consumed to improve digestion. Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10), sometimes called Ubiquinone, is a naturally occurring vitamin-like substance produced by the body. Buy 1, Get 1 50% Off Free Shipping $49+ Quick View GNC Folic Acid 400mcg 0. Ginger oil may cause dermatitis in hypersensitive individuals, 1. Churchill Livingstone, 2000. Learn more about where they come from; how and why they are used as food supplements… Calcium supplements should be avoided in conditions associated with hypercalcaemia (high calcium levels in the bloods) and hypercalcuria (elevated calcium in the urine), and in renal (kidney) impairment (chronic). Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) is not considered to be true ginseng because it is not a species of the genus Panax. Nature Reviews GI & Hep 2017; 14:491–502, http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/foods-to-avoid-pregnant.aspx#vitamin, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-publishes-new-advice-on-vitamin-d, https://cot.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/cot/vitmin2003.pdf. Women are advised to take folic acid for 12 weeks prior to conception and to continue taking folic acid supplements until the 12th week of pregnancy. It is also not recommended for breastfeeding women. 375216, Place of Registration: England. A minimum of 4 weeks may be needed for the full benefit to be seen. Beta-carotene is converted to vitamin A in the body on an ‘as required’ basis which reduces the risk of vitamin A toxicity. Molybdenum is an essential ultratrace mineral. The B vitamins and vitamin C are water soluble. Ginger is native to India, China, Jamaica and other tropical areas, where its use as a culinary spice spans at least 4,400 years. Zinc is suitable to be taken at recommended daily doses during pregnancy and breastfeeding. There are occasional reports of gastrointestinal discomfort, dizziness and skin rash, but these tend to occur with doses in excess of 200mg daily. Ginger may help to relieve morning sickness during the first two months of pregnancy. 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