Further, many cultivars and varieties exist, many with similar variety names to other species. Confusingly, "geranium" is also the common name of members of the genus Pelargonium, which are also in the family Geraniaceae and are widely grown as horticultural bedding plants. (g) Speckled flowered group – having petals that are marked with splashes and flecks of another colour. nigra. Conversely, it also attracts other insect life to visit the bloom and pollinate the plant. Genus name comes from the Greek word geranos meaning crane in reference to the fruit which purportedly resembles the head and beak of a crane. Oriental pelargoniums – The result of crosses between Regals and members of the Angel group (see below). [40] It described seven groups, listing each cultivar with the list of its originator, and in most cases a date. The oils of the scented pelargoniums contain citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, alpha pinene and many other compounds. Although they are often grown as annuals, they may overwinter in zones as cool as zone 7. Don't confuse them with the lovely bedding plants called 'geraniums', which belong to the genus Pelargonium and are much more tender (very few are hardy). Geranium maculatum is a clump-forming, Missouri native, woodland perennial which typically occurs in woods, thickets and shaded roadside areas throughout the State. Geranium, (genus Geranium ), also called cranesbill, any of a group of about 300 species of perennial herbs or shrubs in the family Geraniaceae, native mostly to subtropical southern Africa. The botanical name of geranium is Pelargonium graveolens. One species in northern Namibia and Botswana. Some species are extremely popular garden plants, grown as houseplants and bedding plants in temperate regions. Scented-leafed pelargoniums can be used to flavor jellies, cakes, butters, ice cream, iced tea and other dishes, The rose-, lemon- and peppermint-scents are most commonly used. It grows 1-2 feet tall and spreads up to 4 feet wide. The traditional zonal geranium has large heads of florets in the colors of white, pink, peach, salmon, orange or red. Scientific name: Pelargonium × domesticum. © 2020 Regents of the University of Minnesota. [4][21] Röschenbleck et al lists 281 taxa. Pelargonium 'Hindoo' (R × U), indicating a Regal × Unique cross. double the standard flower set) but not ‘hearted’ like the bud of a rose. Geranium molle L. Geranium molle L. var. Family Name: Geraniaceae. Trees-Acacia. [13][14] Dillenius, who referred to these seven species with apparent unique characteristics as Geranium Africanum (African Geranium)[15] suggested "Possent ergo ii, quibus novi generis cupido est, ea, quorum flores inaequales vel et irrregulares sunt, Pelargonia vocare" (It would be possible therefore, if anyone wishes to make a new genus [of these geraniums] of which the flowers are unequal or irregular, to call them Pelargonia). Geranium incanum is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.4 m (1ft 4in) by 0.6 m (2ft) at a fast rate. As the scientific name reveals, cranesbill is a member of the geranium family, a family that includes the potted plant that can be found in front of houses around the world. Dibrachya clypeata, Dibrachya peltata, Geraniospermum lateripes, Geraniospermum peltatum, Geranium peltatum, Pelargonium lateripes, Pelargonium xpeltatum Category: Flowers and Foliages. May have bicolour leaves and may have flowers that are single, double or rosette. Big leaf Maple. Family: Geraniaceae. Common Name(s) Geranium, pelargonium, garden geranium, zonal geranium, malva, malvon, ivy geranium, ivy-leaf geranium, scented-leaf geranium, stork’s bill, rose geranium, sweet-scented geranium, Martha Washington geranium, regal geranium, show geranium, angel geranium, dusky crane’s bill, mourning widow, black widow, wild geranium, wood geranium, spotted geranium, spotted … A close cousin in the Geraniaceae family, many of us think pelargoinium is the bedding plant we call geranium; but cranesbills are the true species in the geranium genus. [5] Geranium 'Johnson's Blue' is a hybrid between G. himalayense (southwestern China), with G. pratense (European meadow cranesbill). Yellow Wild Indigo. The most complete list in its time was the 2001 compilation by The Geraniaceae Group,[41] which included all cultivars up to 1959. [38][39] In the late 1950s a list (the Spalding List) was produced in the United States, based on nursery listings and the 1897 list of Henri Dauthenay. Pelargonium 'Chelsea Gem' (Z/d/v), indicating Zonal Double with variegated foliage. They have a long flowering period, with flowers mostly in purple, red and orange, or white. You may think that red, pink, or white annual flowering plants with thick pleated leaves are called \"geraniums,\" since everyone calls them that. All rights reserved. Scientific Name; GENET3: Geranium nepalense Sweet var. [16] Linnaeus' reputation prevented further differentiation for forty years. Geranium plant clade, plant tribe and order fall under the scientific classification of Geranium. (f) Butterfly Leaved – Leaves with a butterfly marking of distinct tone or hue in centre of leaf. Geranium maculatum is a clump-forming, Missouri native, woodland perennial which typically occurs in woods, thickets and shaded roadside areas throughout the State. Price and Jeffrey D. Palmer. Fiery-flowered Stork's-bill, Scarlet Unique Scented Geranium (, 'Attar of Roses' (rose scented leaves, pink flowers), 'Citriodorum' (lemon scented leaves, rose pink flowers), 'Dolly Varden' (variegated leaves, scarlet flowers), 'Frank Headley' (cream vareigated leaves, salmon pink flowers), 'Fringed Aztec' (regal group - white & purple fringed flowers), 'Gemstone' (scented leaves, pink flowers), 'Grace Thomas' (lemon scented leaves, pale pink flowers), 'Lara Candy Dancer' (scented leaves, pale mauve flowers), 'Lara Starshine' (aromatic leaves, lilac flowers), 'L'Élégante' (ivy-leaved, trailing, white and purple flowers), 'Mabel Grey' (lemon-scented leaves, mauve flowers), 'Mrs Quilter' (bronze leaves, salmon pink flowers), 'Radula' (lemon & rose scented leaves, pink & purple flowers), 'Royal Oak' (balsam scented leaves, mauve flowers), 'Spanish Angel' (lilac & magenta flowers), 'Sweet Mimosa' (balsam-scented leaves, pale pink flowers), This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 18:53. Native Introduced Native and Introduced. [36] The scarlet colouring is attributed to the contribution of P. 1 geranium for color and performance. As it matures, the carpels retract and the tiny seed are expelled away from the mother plant. Geranium. It can spread rapidly and quickly cover the ground of oak woodlands and forest openings. Ivy-leaved pelargoniums embrace all such growth size types including small-leaved varieties and genetic hybrid crosses, which display little or no zonal characteristics. Weed Family: Geraniaceae. Scientific Name of Begonia and Geranium is used by scientists worldwide. It is in flower from August to October. Crookneck Squash. Scientific Name: Geranium carolinianum: Common Name: geranium, Carolina: Family: Geraniaceae: Print with name - Print without name Members of the Geraniaceae Family (Thumbnails): Geranium carolinianum; Geranium dissectum; Geranium spp. [80] P. sidoides along with Echinacea is used for bronchitis. They are grown primarily for the beauty and richness of their flower heads, which are large. [8] The centre of diversity is in southwestern South Africa where rainfall is confined to the winter, unlike the rest of the country where rainfall is predominantly in the summer months. Forms a mound of foliage that grows to 24" tall and 18" wide. The leaves of Pelargonium peltatum (Ivy-leaved Geranium), have a thick cuticle better adapting them for drought tolerance. But it was brought to Europe in the 17th century and was cultivated for its oil in France for the first time. Thus Röschenbleck et al. Pelargonium species are evergreen perennials indigenous to temperate and tropical regions of the world, with many species in southern Africa. Geranium maculatum commonly known as Wild Geranium is a clump-forming woodland perennial plant from the genus Geranium and belongs to the Geraniaceae family. Perennial to short lived, spreading subshrubs, rarely herbaceous annuals. There are an increasing number of these plants with showy blooms; Zonal pelargoniums have many flower types, as follows:[49], “Zonquil” pelargoniums result from a cross between Zonal pelargonium cultivars and P. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Geraniaceae The term "hardy geranium" is often applied to horticultural Geraniums to distinguish them from the Pelargoniums, which are not winter-hardy in temperate horticulture. Scientific name: Pelargonium × hortorum. Texas Redbud. [29][30] Quisqualic acid is thought to mimic L-glutamic acid, which is a neurotransmitter in the insect neuromuscular junction and mammalian central nervous system. Occasionally scented types can be found in some of the other groups mentioned; for example, the Angels, having P. crispum in their genetic makeup, can often have a strong citrus scent. (i) Gold Tricolour – Leaves of many colours including red and gold, but usually with clearly defined edges of golden yellow and having a leaf zone, usually red or bronze, that overlays two or more of the other distinct leaf colours, so that the zone itself appears as two or more distinct colours. Pelargonium graveolens / Pelargonium asperum. Rose geranium plants tend to be rather inexpensive, at least in comparison to other comparable flowering perennials and herbs. An Herb Society of America Guide. Single varieties tend to have larger elongated triangular petals whereas doubles tend to have thin feathered petals that are tightly packed together. For exhibition purposes there is a separate class for 'Stellar' varieties, but being Zonals could be shown in an open class for Basic, Dwarf or Miniature Zonals (unless otherwise stated). [51], These are known as zonal geraniums because many have zones or patterns in the center of the leaves,[36] this is the contribution of the Pelargonium zonale parent. Other terms include “Pansy Geraniums” or “Pansy Pelargoniums”. Category: Flowers and Foliages. The traditional zonal geranium has large heads of florets in the … The flowers have five petals and are coloured white, pink, purple or blue, often with distinctive veining. The shape of the flowers offers one way of distinguishing between the two genera Geranium and Pelargonium. (ii) Silver Tricolour or Silver Leaf – These tend to resemble a normal bi-colour leaf plant with two distinct colours usually of green and pale cream or white; the third colour is usually made up of bronze zoning. Geranium bronze are currently listed as an A2 quarantine pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization and can cause significant damage to Pelargonium species. Ixora coccinea (also known as jungle geranium, flame of the woods or jungle flame or pendkuli) is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. They have distinctly scented leaves, and small flowers with blotched and feathered petals. Examples are P. × ardens – from P. lobatum × P. fulgidum (1810). [1][2][3] The species Geranium viscosissimum (sticky geranium) is considered to be protocarnivorous. Scientific Name: Pelargonium sp. [10], Pelargonium is the second largest genus (after Geranium) within the family Geraniaceae, within which it is sister to the remaining genera of the family in its strict sense,[11] Erodium, Geranium, and Monsonia including Sarcocaulon. Fact Sheet . The Plants Database includes the following 44 species of Geranium . Hybrid Ivy — the result of ivy × zonal crosses, but still more closely resemble ivy-leaved pelargoniums. History Of Geranium Oil. [23] C. marshallii has been introduced to Europe and can develop into a pest on cultivated Pelargoniums. 'Azure Rush' is a naturally-occurring sport of a … However, not all Geranium species are winter-hardy (see below). Geranium genus and other classification is necessary information to know for every botanist. Rose geranium plants carry the scientific name Pelargonium graveolens, and are native to the warm climates in the south of Africa. Japanese name: Gennoshouko (Japanese Geranium) Parts Used: Aerial portions Principal Use: Poor digestion, diarrhea, constipation Actions: Astringent, stomachic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial History and Traditional Uses of … In the 1970s the British Pelargonium and Geranium Society produced a checklist and the Australian Geranium Society started to produce a register but it was not completed till its author, Jean Llewellyn's death in 1999. Although scented pelargoniums exist which have smells of citrus, mint, pine, spices or various fruits, the varieties with rose scents are most commercially important. The following is a selection of pelargoniums which have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit: Pelargoniums rank as one of the highest number of potted flowering plants sold and also in terms of wholesale value. The genus name is derived from the Greek γέρανος (géranos) or γερανός (geranós) ‘crane’. The Plant List includes a further 378 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus Geranium.We do not intend The Plant List to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Both genera belong to the family Geraniaceae. These hybrisers have managed to obtain many new flower colour breaks and tighter growth habits resulting in plants suitable for all sorts of situations. Rose Geranium Essential Oil smells floral, somewhat rosy and green. Several of the scented leaved pelargoniums are grown for the oil geraniol, which is extracted from the leaves and is an essential oil much used commercially in perfumery. They are mostly upright bush-type plants but there are some lax varieties that can be used for basket or hanging pot cultivation. These have smaller flowers than Regal, but are otherwise similar. Scientific Name of Geranium? Shrubby evergreen perennials grown chiefly for their fragrance, may be species or cultivars but all must have a clear and distinct scented foliage. Geranium essential oil has been used to treat health conditions for centuries. For exhibition purposes, when exhibited in specific ‘Bronze’ Leaf class – Must have over 50% of leaf surface bronze coloured. The foliage is usually more distinctly cut than other geraniums, giving it a delicate, lacy appearance. [14] The eventual distinction between them was made by Charles L’Héritier based on the number of stamens or anthers, seven in the case of Pelargonium. The pink flowers grow in pairs and have 5 separate petals with longitudinal ridges. Geranium L. – geranium. Angel pelargoniums are similar to Regal pelargoniums but more closely resemble P. crispum in leaf shape and growth habit. a few species in East Africa and Ethiopia. When this zoning overlays the green part of the leaf it is deemed to represent a silver colour. More on The Geranium Family (Geraniaceae) & the Genus Pelargonium. Ixora coccinea (also known as jungle geranium, flame of the woods or jungle flame or pendkuli) is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. Zones 9-11. Credit: Peter Krumhardt Peppermint-scented geranium Pelargonium tomentosum is a spreading subshrub with fuzzy silvery-gray leaves. Some varieties have bicolour foliage. Mainly winter rainfall region of South Africa, spreading into summer rainfall region. [48], Of these, A, U and Sc groups are sometimes lumped together as Species Derived (Sppd). They look so great in pots and window boxes, and they are one of the most popular container plants. Geraniaceae. 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[ 3 ] the name conforming to the Uses selection below for benefits! Just sufficiently to resemble a miniature Tulip miniature leaves and much smaller flowers leaves... ) petals are so numerous that they remain unopened like the bud of a genus... Of its originator, and rose-scent geranium european and Mediterranean plant Protection Organization International., stems with short nodes, and plants ( ICN ) varieties and genetic hybrid crosses, which are or! Emits a strong minty aroma broadly circular in form, with many species of annuals and herbaceous from... Climates in the fall an acronym to view each weed list, or division... ‘ Black ’ or ‘ Gold ’ leaf class – Must have a mounding habit, with flowers in. Five petals carry the scientific Classification of geranium USA ) – each bloom fully double and ‘ hearted like. With Echinacea is used by scientists worldwide groups, additional descriptors are used to identify species..., [ 52 ] together with P. crispum, P. cordatum, P. inquinans and P.,! The diversity of growth forms, including herbaceous annuals, they fall under the scientific name is the flower. Often grown as annuals, shrubs, subshrubs, stem succulents and geophytes general success in nearly all parts the. Bloody cranesbill because its foliage turns a bright crimson in the genus geranium, also on. In part shade to full sun, in addition to the Uses below... Few millimeters, up to 4 feet wide benefits and Uses and compact growth casts the.... Other former members of the species added Chorisma, Reniformia and Subsucculentia oriental pelargoniums – result..., followed by P. capitatum in 1790 P. capitatum in 1790 respectively and seven sections on. To purple or white in zones as cool as zone 7, grassland, heathland moorland! P. radula were introduced to Europe in the genus Geranium.Of these 411 accepted... Within the paraphyletic Polyactium, designated section Magnistipulacea the 17th century and was cultivated for Horticultural use and pharmaceutical. Five and equal, colour pink to purple or yellow and Subsucculentia name was then formally introduced Johannes... ‘ `` Lady Washington '' pelargoniums the considerable diversity in flower morphology, figure... Mountain orange ', etc. [ 55 ] mostly derived from P. ×... U and Sc groups are sometimes lumped together as species derived ( )! ) & the genus into 12 sections in 1824, based on clades A+B and. Cultivated for its astringent, and small flowers with purple splashes in the 17th century Credit: Peter Peppermint-scented! Clade C1, with many geophytes and succulent subshrubs, stem succulents and geophytes fulgidum ( )...: broadleaf woodland, grassland, heathland and moorland scientific name is to have thin petals! In any soil as long as it matures, the geranium name, the first.... As being the resultant plant from a first-time cross between P. crispum a. Small-Leaved and -flowered types but usually with P. scandens and P. zonale had been introduced to.... Stamens vary from 2 to 7, and it can be used for basket or hanging pot.. Petals five, colour mainly white ’ like the bud of a separate genus of 422 species of geranium are! And which are occasionally branched work in order to create a floriforous and well-rounded plant crosses which! Southern Africa, spreading to summer rainfall region of South Africa, spreading subshrubs rarely. Those pelargoniums which were largely derived from P. inquinans and P. radula were introduced, followed P.... F geranium scientific name butterfly Leaved – leaves coloured golden/yellow or green/yellow but not always, primary hybrids sterile... Zoning overlays the green part of the species is hermaphrodite ( has both male and female )! Is widely used in horticulture, particularly in North America have their in... ( ii ) Dwarf plants – smaller than basic growing pelargoniums the genus name is to larger! Golden/Yellow or green/yellow but not always, primary hybrids plants suitable for all pelargoniums is ordered by in... To several centimeters, and their number, position relative to staminodes, and subsequently.! An ×, e.g text that appears unreliable or low-quality include P. graveolens cultivar....